01033730 SECRET Reviewed IAW EO12958 ** Exemption 25X4 ** 30 JAN 1 2443729 08-08-1978 2443730 08-09-1978

VOGT, J. W.

ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEW K239.0512-1093 C.1 34378 1141 1583 408 07 2444989 01-19-1982 GEN. VOGT SERVED AS BOTH COMMANDER OF PACAF (PACIFIC AIR FORCES) AND USAFE (U.S. AIR FORCES IN EUROPE). SERVED AS W.W.II FIGHTER PILOT WITH 56 FIGHTER GROUP AND COMMANDER, 356 FIGHTER GROUP. OTHER POSITIONS INCLUDE: COMMANDER, FIRST AIR BASE SQUADRON, BRAZIL; INTELLIGENCE OFFICER AT MITCHEL FIELD; FIRST UFO (UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS) OFFICER IN AIR FORCE; ASSISTANT TO JCS (JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF) REPRESENTATIVE ON SENIOR STAFF OF NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL; ASSISTANT DEPUTY FOR PLANS AND OPERATIONS, HEADQUARTERS, FAR EAST AIR FORCES; SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO CHIEF OF STAFF, CINCPAC (COMMANDER IN CHIEF, PACIFIC); AIR FORCE PLANNER IN JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF; DIRECTOR OF THE POLICY PLANNING STAFF, OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS (PAUL H. NITZE); DEPUTY FOR PLANS AND OPERATIONS, PACIFIC AIR FORCES (PARTICIPATING IN AIR CAMPAIGN AGAINST NORTH VIETNAM); DIRECTOR OF THE JOINT STAFF, JCS; COMMANDER, 7 AIR FORCE (PACAF); DEPUTY COMMANDER, U.S. MACV (U.S. MILITARY ASSISTANCE COMMAND VIETNAM) (RESPONSIBLE FOR AIR OPERATIONS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA FOR LAST 15 MONTHS OF US COMBAT ACTIVITY); COMMANDER, US SUPPORT ACTIVITIES GROUP IN THAILAND (CONDUCTING ALL US AIR ACTIVITIES IN LAOS AND CAMBODIA UNTIL US CEASED COMBAT INVOLVEMENT, 1973); COMMANDER IN CHIEF, PACIFIC AIR FORCES, 1973; AND COMMANDER OF ALLIED AIR FORCES CENTRAL EUROPE AND US AIR FORCES IN EUROPE, 1974. GENERAL VOGT WAS 1973 RECIPIENT OF GENERAL H. H. ARNOLD AWARD FOR OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTIONS TO MILITARY AVIATION. ACADEMIC BACKGROUND IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS, COMBINED WITH BROAD EXPERIENCE AT TOP-LEVEL GOVERNMENT POSITIONS, LENDS GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE TO INTERVIEW. TOPICS DISCUSSED INCLUDE: VOGT'S COMBAT EXPERIENCE IN WW II; ASSESSMENT OF CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS PRINCIPALS PAUL NITZE, ROBERT KENNEDY AND PRESIDENT KENNEDY; BYPASSING OF JCS IN PLANNING CUBAN INVASION; ASSESSMENT OF SECRETARY OF DEFENSE ROBERT MCNAMARA'S SYSTEMS ANALYSIS APPROACH TO DEFENSE MATTERS; CONTRASTING OPERATING STYLES OF MCNAMARA AND SUCCESSOR, MELVIN LAIRD; DIFFERENCES IN CONSTRAINTS ON GENERAL WILLIAM MOMYER DURING ROLLING THUNDER AND VOGT DURING LINEBACKER OPERATIONS; TARGET SELECTION METHOD DURING ROLLING THUNDER AND LINEBACKER; NEED FOR ALL WEATHER FIGHTER CAPABILITY IN VIETNAM; DEFICIENCIES OF TACTICAL NAVIGATION SYSTEMS IN VIETNAM; F-111 AIRCRAFT IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, INITIAL PROBLEMS AND USE IN DEFENSE OF PHNOM PENH; LORAN (LONG RANGE AIRBORNE NAVIGATION) CAPABILITY ACQUIRED IN SOUTHEAST ASIA (SEA); MCNAMARA'S PUSH FOR COMMONALITY IN AIRFRAME DESIGN (F-111); INTRODUCTION OF F-111 BEACON BOMBING SYSTEM IN SUPPORT OF CAMBODIAN TROOPS; ROLE OF LORAN-EQUIPPED F-4'S IN GUIDING B-52'S OVER CAMBODIAN TARGETS; LORAN-EQUIPPED F-4'S ROLE IN DESTROYING MISSILE ASSEMBLY PLANT IN HANOI; LESSONS LEARNED IN AIR WAR IN SEA; VOGT'S WORKING RELATIONSHIP WITH GEN. EARLE G. WHEELER, JCS CHAIRMAN; INTERSERVICE PROBLEMS CREATED BY ROUTE PACKS APPROACH; WORKING RELATIONSHIP WITH ADMIRAL MOORER, JCS CHAIRMAN, AND NAVY COMPONENTS; PRESS DISTORTIONS OF NORTH VIETNAM BOMBING CAMPAIGN- VOGT'S RECOLLECTIONS OF "PROTECTIVE REACTION" STRIKES BY GEN. JOHN D. LAVELLE AND SUBSEQUENT INSPECTOR GENERAL INVESTIGATION; RECOLLECTIONS OF PUEBLO INCIDENT; INEFFICACY OF MAVERICK WEAPONS SYSTEM IN SEA AND EUROPE; USE OF AGENT ORANGE AS DEFOLIANT IN SEA; ROLE OF AIR/SEA RESCUE IN SEA; DETAILS OF SON TAY PRISON CAMP RAID; COMMENTS ON LITTAUER/UPHOFF BOOK THE AIR WAR IN INDOCHINA; F-16 DEFICIENCIES; LESSONS LEARNED IN VIETNAM IGNORED IN EUROPE- NECESSITY FOR LORAN, LASER-BOMBING AND ALL-WEATHER FIGHTING CAPABILITY; COMMENTS ON B-1 BOMBER, A-10 CLOSE AIR SUPPORT AIRCRAFT AND CRUISE MISSILE; EFFORT TO SAVE AN LOC, SOVIET PROBLEM WITH SATELLITE COUNTRIES IN EUROPE; INTERSERVICE PROBLEMS IN ASSIGNMENT OF ROLES AND MISSIONS; AND USAF INTERNAL PROBLEMS-PILOT ATTRITION, OER (OFFICER EFFECTIVENESS REPORT) SYSTEM, RETIREMENT LAWS, "INTEGRITY" PROBLEMS, AND QUESTIONABLE WEAPONS SYSTEM CHOICES. OHIST1 GENERAL, USAF; COMMANDER IN CHIEF, PACIFIC AIR FORCES (PACAF); COMMANDER, ALLIED AIR FORCES CENTRAL EUROPE (AAFCE) AND COMMANDER IN CHIEF, UNITED STATES AIR FORCES IN EUROPE (USAFE). LOCATION OF INTERVIEW: ANNAPOLIS, MD. INTERVIEWERS: LTC A. MCCANTS AND DR. J. HASDORFF, AFHRA. COPY 2 OF TRANSCRIPT, IRIS NO. 01033731. AVAILABLE ON CASSETTE TAPE, IRIS NO.'S 01033733-40. TAPE 1 - TRANSCRIPT PP 1-45; TAPE 2 - TRANSCRIPT PP 45-94; TAPE 3 - TRANSCRIPT PP 142-192; TAPE 5 - TRANSCRIPT PP 192-241; TAPE 6 - TRANSCRIPT PP 241- 284; TAPE 7 - TRANSCRIPT PP 284-331; TAPE 8 - TRANSCRIPT PP 331-376; TAPE 9 - TRANSCRIPT PP 376-407. CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS EUROPE, NUCLEAR WARFARE KENNEDY, R. F. KISSINGER, H. A. LAVELLE, J. D. LESSONS LEARNED, SOUTHEAST ASIA CONFLICT LINEBACKER I LINEBACKER II LONG RANGE AIRBORNE NAVIGATION, SOUTHEAST ASIA CONFLICT OFFICER EFFECTIVENESS REPORTS PROTECTIVE REACTION STRIKES SON TAY NORTH VIETNAM PRISON CAMP RAID SOVIET UNION MILITARY DOCTRINE SOVIET UNION WEAPON SYSTEMS VOGT, J. W. WHEELER, E. G. ROUTE PACKAGES ROLLING THUNDER, CONSTRAINTS PUEBLO SEIZURE, UNITED STATES REACTION NAVIGATION SYSTEMS, SOUTHEAST ASIA NATO DOCTRINE NATO STANDARDIZATION NITZE, P. H. F-111 AIRCRAFT, PROBLEMS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA F-111 AIRCRAFT BEACON BOMBING, CAMBODIA ALL WEATHER BOMBING CAPABILITY, EUROPE ABRAMS, C. W. AN LOC DEFENSE, SOUTH VIETNAM ALL WEATHER AIRCRAFT AIR TO GROUND MISSILES, SOUTHEAST ASIA HERBICIDE ORANGE HERBICIDES, SOUTHEAST ASIA CONFLICT